Análise da atividade e condições de trabalho dos ajudantes de lar numa perspetiva de género = Analysis of the activity and work conditions of household helpers in a perspective of gender

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the working conditions of household helpers, focusing on the constraints, difficulties and the possible existence of differences regarding work conditions and exposure to risks, taking into account the gender. The applied methodology contemplated the application of observational analysis and quantitative analysis through the application of INSAT - Work and Health Questionnaire (Inquerito Saude e Trabalho). The perspective based on gender showed visible differences between men and women regarding their work performance in a nursing home and which users they care for. Results show that men care exclusively for users of the same sex, and female workers support especially the female users. Registered constraints are influenced by the choice of shifts, seniority, labor relations and professional experience required for the job. Workers from different shifts are not exposed to the same work conditions, particularly emphasizing differences in total work time, pace of work and tasks performed. In terms of labor relations, it can be said that workers feel that some users do not treat them in the best manner possible. The highlighted professional risks are the exposure to biological agents and the higher incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, taking into account the specific requirements of their activities and the conditions under which these are practiced. The relationship between work and health became evident, as workers reported suffering from musculoskeletal injuries and also problems such as anxiety and irritability. The analysis of the age group size was a fundamental key to understanding the differences between workers of different ages. After 35 years old most individuals start to become more susceptible to health problems, which are aggravated by their work. It is important to highlight the difficulties felt by older workers in this activity, which indicates the associated physical demands. Regarding suggestions for the improvement of working conditions, workers mentioned the advantages of performing some work activities collectively, in order to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.