Potato protein-based meat analogues fortified with upcycled fruit flours: Functional, textural, and antioxidant insights

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate potato protein (PP) as a substitute for egg white protein (EWP) in vegan formulations. Fruit flours, including orange peel, pineapple peel, and pineapple core, were incorporated to assess their effects on the techno-functional and textural properties, and on the antioxidant potential of plant-based products. Fruit flours improved the performance of PP-based emulsions. More negative zeta potential values and an increased emulsifying stability index were observed in flour-containing formulations. A significant increase in the hardness parameter of the PP-based formulations containing fruit flour was observed, correlated with the higher water-holding capacity. Although fruit flours increased the phenolic content, the enhancement of antioxidant activity was dependent on the fruit flour. Colorimetric analysis showed protein source- and flour-dependent effects, with lower CIELAB values in PP-based samples. Overall, this work highlights the potential of PP and fruit flours for developing functional and sustainable plant-based food products. (c) 2026 The Authors.