Conhecimento dos jovens estudantes portugueses em relação ao vírus do papiloma humano: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and a major cause of various anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Despite the availability of effective vaccines and educational frameworks, knowledge gaps persist among youth. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about HPV and related sexual behaviours among Portuguese students aged 16 to 25. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2024-2025 across secondary schools and universities using an online questionnaire covering demographics, HPV awareness, knowledge, and sexual behaviour. A total of 837 students participated (187 secondary, 650 university). While 83.3% had heard of HPV, objective knowledge levels were moderate, with a median score of 63.3% overall. Higher education students, especially those in health-related fields, demonstrated significantly greater knowledge. However, major misconceptions persisted, particularly regarding HPV symptoms, treatment, and its association with other infections. The median age of first sexual intercourse among university students was 17, and condom use during sexual activity was often inconsistent. The primary sources of HPV information varied by age, gender, and educational level, with school, internet, and healthcare professionals being the most cited. These findings reveal critical gaps in HPV knowledge despite increasing vaccine coverage, highlighting the need for earlier, inclusive, and comprehensive sexual health education in Portugal.