Castro de Guifões (Northwest Portugal) during Late Antiquity: perspectives on archaeological and anthracological data recovered in an Archaeological Research Project framework

Abstract

This study examines the archaeological and anthracological findings from Castro de Guifões in Northwest Portugal, focusing on its significance during Late Antiquity. Strategically located by the River Leça, the settlement served as a hub of trade, facilitating connections between diverse communities through land and maritime routes. Evidence suggests it functioned as an ancient docking harbor, characterized by extensive archaeological materials, particularly ceramics from various origins, indicating vibrant trade networks. The research, under the GUIFARQ Project, conducted soil sampling and anthracological analyses, revealing a rich diversity of charcoal samples that illustrate changes in plant exploitation over time. Notably, Castanea sativa predominated in Late Antiquity, reflecting shifts in local agricultural practices. The findings highlight continuity and transformation in resource management practices and underscore the site's role in broader economic and cultural exchanges across Iberia. This multidisciplinary investigation contributes to our understanding of rural settlements in the context of changing societal dynamics during Late Antiquity.