Determinants of Exclusive Utilization Across Different Consultation Types in Primary Health Care: An Observational Study

Abstract

Introduction: Primary healthcare plays a crucial role in maintaining population health by providing comprehensive and continuous care. The utilisation of scheduled and unscheduled healthcare visits in primary care is a critical factor in the efficient delivery of services. Aim: Identify determinants of utilization of scheduled or unscheduled visits in primary healthcare. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study involved patients from the Local Health Unit of Feira/Arouca, in the north of Portugal, comparing those who atended only unsceduled visits during 2023 with those who sought only scheduled appointments with their doctor. We prospected for the social and medical determinants of utilisation. Results: A total 28 213 people were included for analysis (53.0% females), with median age of 50 years old. Males and patients with dementia, asthma or anxiety were more prone to use unscheduled visits. Being a local resident, being consulted in a UCSP, and having diabetes, hypertension, or overweight/obesity are significant determinants of using scheduled visits. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and health conditions influence the exclusive utilisation of scheduled or unscheduled visits in primary healthcare. Identifying these factors can help make informed health policies aimed at improving the management of patient flow and access to primary care.