Doença de Graves de Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular

Abstract

Graves' disease, and associated hyperthyroidism, have significant implications beyond the thyroid gland itself, particularly concerning the cardiovascular system. This review aims to dissect the complex interplay between hyperthyroidism, the autoimmune mechanisms inherent to Graves' disease, and cardiovascular outcomes. We synthesize the current literature on Graves' disease in this review, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetic and environmental factors, and its extensive impact on the cardiovascular system. Special attention is given to the mechanisms by which excess thyroid hormone and autoimmune processes associated with Graves' disease influence cardiovascular health. Excess thyroid hormones and Graves' disease autoimmunity contribute to changes in cardiac hemodynamics, an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, and chronic inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of developing and progressing atherosclerosis. These effects are mediated by the activation of thyroid hormone receptors in the heart, alterations in systemic vascular resistance, and immune dysregulation and inflammation. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing cardiovascular risk in patients with Graves' disease, emphasizing the need for comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and tailored therapeutic strategies in this population.