What Do Hospital and Primary Care Doctors Know and Do when Prescribing Imaging Exams? Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Ionising Radiation Doses and Risks in a Portuguese Local Health Unit

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of non-radiologist prescribing physicians at Unidade Local de Saúde São João, a portuguese local health unit, regarding the doses and risks of ionising radiation, as well as strategies to communicate with patients on the subject. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by administering a questionnaire to all prescribing physicians excluding those from imaging and intervention specialties (radiology, neuroradiology, radio oncology, nuclear medicine). The two-part questionnaire captured demographic and professional data and explored respondents' knowledge, attitudes and practices toward ionising radiation, including dose comparison, risk communication, and legal disclosure responsibilities. We obtained 246 responses. Results: Regarding the knowledge-related questions, 182 respondents (74%) underestimated the effective dose for an abdominal computed tomography (CT). Only 29 individuals (12%) accurately estimated the correct dose range, while the remaining participants indicated uncertainty. Concerning attitudes and practices, out of 105 respondents who "strongly agree" that patients should be informed about the risks associated with ionising radiation, only 31 (29.5%) reported informing patients of these risks "most of the time or always". Conclusions: The results show that prescribing physicians feel and are insufficiently prepared to inform patients about the risks and doses of ionizing radiation. There is an imperative need for educational initiatives to enhance information and awareness of radiation doses, as well as associated risks within the medical community. These attitudes will improve patient care and encourage informed decision-making across all medical specialties.