Sexuality in medical education in Portugal: Medical students' perspectives

Abstract

Background: Sexuality education in medical training is important for providing comprehensive and sensitive healthcare. However, gaps persist in addressing diverse sexual health needs, especially within the LGBTQIA+ community. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of sexual health education among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, focusing on knowledge, and their preparedness for sexual history-taking. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 101 students in the 4th-6th years at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto. The questionnaire covered topics like sexual education exposure, student's perceived knowledge, opinion on increased educational content, LGBTQIA+ sexuality issues, attitudes towards sexual history-taking and students' perceived skills in the application of this tool. Results: While foundational topics such as anatomy and physiology received high instruction ratings, areas like sexual orientation, gender diversity, gender incongruence, pornography and sexual violence were less addressed. Although perceived knowledge levels varied, and students' elevated interest in enhanced training, discomfort discussing sexual health issues was evident. Non-heterosexual students showed better understanding of sexual orientation and gender identity concepts. Cultural and religious differences were described as barriers to addressing sexual health problems. Conclusions: Medical students demonstrated a need for enhanced education on sexuality topics, particularly related to gender minorities, and a low capacity on sexual history taking. Addressing discomfort in discussing sexual health issues and improving cultural competency, as well as increasing practical training, are essential for providing inclusive and effective healthcare.