Infeções do trato genito-urinário e Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: O impacto dos inibidores SGLT2 - um estudo caso-controlo.

Abstract

Introduction: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (iSGLT2) drugs are being increasingly used in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), due to their benefit in chronic kidney disease and cardiac insufficiency - frequent comorbidities in patients with DM2. Evidence has been found linking iSGLT2 usage to increased risk of genital infections. Regarding iSGLT2 association with urinary tract infections (UTI), findings are inconsistent. Methods: Determine if DM2 patients - in a sample taken from a primary care center - treated with iSGLT2 are at an increased risk of UTI and genital infections, when compared to DM2 patients not treated with these drugs. AIM: Case control study, population of DM2 patients from a primary care center in the north of Portugal. Records of cystitis, pyelonephritis/pyelitis, balanitis, prostatitis, vaginitis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, from the year 2021, of iSGLT2 medicated DM2 patients were compared to those without this treatment (group variable: case with iSGLT2 vs control without iSGLT2). Logistic regression models were utilized to derive association between iSGLT2 usage and previously mentioned infections. Results: The final sample was composed of 953 patients. The group iSGLT2 was protective of the outcome cystitis, with an OR=0,47 [0,24; 0,90]. Nevertheless, after adjusting for potential confounding factors this association was no longer significant - OR=0,54 [0,27; 1,07]. There was no significant association found between iSGLT2 usage and pyelonephritis/pyelitis, balanitis, prostatitis, vaginitis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Conclusion: The present study seems to favor iSGLT2 safety in regards to urinary and genital infections.