Memória, território, identidade. Percurso pelas adegas cooperativas da Junta Nacional do Vinho

Abstract

The Junta Nacional do Vinho (JNV) was an economic organization which conducted the wine industry in Portugal during part of the 20th century (1937-1986), under the rule of Estado Novo. Throughout its activities it implemented a network of properly equipped facilities, namely enological laboratories, wineries, warehouses, and cellars; and thus acquired a vast heritage located in the main producing regions of the country. This estate consisted of sixty-nine wine cellars spread all over the country. These buildings are interesting in the way they are adequately stocked with technological equipment, representative of the era, presenting diverse construction and implantation strategies, due to their different times of construction and locations in the territory. Preserving the memory of this infrastructures is important in the way they illustrate the economic, cultural, and political needs existing at the time they were built. The recent history of Portuguese winemaking passes through the documents, objects, and buildings left behind by the JNV, which constitutes a historical testimony of the sector's activity during Estado Novo. The need for this network of wineries, controlled by a state entity, is no longer relevant due to changes in the country's political, economic, and technological landscape, as well as within the specific sector. With this premise in mind, the objective of this dissertation is to study and analyze this collection of buildings with the aim of preserving this heritage. Through the recognition and analysis of these structures, we seek to understand the reasons behind their construction, the choice of locations and regions, site planning, programmatic considerations, as well as the design in terms of form and expression. All of these aspects are central to our investigation throughout the project. Simultaneously, the examination of the architecture of the Estado Novo period and the 20th century will contribute to the understanding and contextualization of the analysis conducted on these buildings, drawing from the works of authors such as Nuno Teotónio Pereira, Ana Tostões, and Sergio Fernandez.