Revisão sistemática sobre instrumentos de avaliação validados das habilidades clínicas em aleitamento

Abstract

It´s well known, that exclusive breastfeeding is the best food for the children (World Health Organization, 2002). Health workers may have a positive influence in breastfeeding, however, also be a negative source of support by providing inconsistent, contradictory information and inadequate recommendations (Dykes, 2006; Hall Moran et al., 2007). The assessment of clinical competences and skills contribute for the direction of learning and promoting adequate professional training (Epstein & Hundert, 2002) Use of a structured tool of assessment can facilitate de identification of skills that need to be reinforced and this use should be considered by educator during the evaluation of clinical practice (Amaral et al., 2007). In order to find, analyze and compare validated instruments of clinical skills in breastfeeding, was performed a systematic review, in data bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs, all articles published till may of 2021, in spanish, portuguese and english. The criterion of inclusion was P (population): health workers, nurse students or medicine; I (intervention): use of an instrument of assessment of breastfeeding clinical skills or breastfeeding clinical competence; C (comparison): without comparison, O (outcome): a validated instrument. The exclusion criteria were articles that didn´t contain the description of the instrument used, that didn´t use a validated instrument and the ones that didn´t evaluate the clinical skills or clinical competence in breastfeeding. It was found four validated instruments, the CAPA questionnaire (Competencia na Atencia Primaria sobre aleitamento) , the BeSST (Breasfeeding Support Skills Tool), the ECoLa (Encuesta sobre conocimientos en lactancia) and EColaE (Encuesta sobre conocimientos en lactancia para enfermeira) (Gómez Fernández-Vegue & Menéndez Orenga, 2015; Lechosa Muñiz et al., 2020; Moran et al., 2004; Pol-Pons, RN IBCLC et al., 2016). The validated instruments of evaluation of clinical skills/ clinical competence in breastfeeding found presented appropriate psychometrics variables that indicate good reproducibility and can be useful tool for the assessment of these skills during clinical practice and of breastfeeding clinical competence.