Time in Range and Complications of Diabetes: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association of CGM parameters and HbA1c with complications in patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Methods: Patients with T1D using the CGM system Freestyle Libre were included in this analysis. The association of CGM-metrics and HbA1c with diabetes complications (any complication, microvascular complications, or macrovascular complications) was assessed using logistic regression unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, and duration of diabetes (model 1), and further adjusted for hypertension and dyslipidemia (model 2). Results: One hundred and sixty-one patients with T1D were included. The mean (±SD) age was 37.4±13.4 years old and the median T1D duration was 17.7±10.6 years. Time in range (TIR) was associated with any complication and microvascular complications in the unadjusted model and in the adjusted models. TIR was associated with retinopathy in the unadjusted model and in model 1 and was associated with macrovascular complications only in the unadjusted model. HbA1c was associated with any complications, microvascular complications, and retinopathy in the unadjusted model but not in the adjusted models. HbA1c was associated with macrovascular complications in the unadjusted model and in the adjusted model 1. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional analysis of patients with T1D using CGM, TIR, and HbA1c were associated with complications of diabetes. TIR may be a better predictor than HbA1c of any complication and microvascular complications, while HbA1c may be a better predictor of macrovascular complications.