Dimensão ética da alimentação e hidratação artificiais no doente terminal

Abstract

Given the lack of scientific evidence, decisions regarding the administration of artificial nutrition and hydration in terminally ill patients constitute an important ethical dilemma, existing a conflict between "treat" and "care" perspectives, varying also it's usage depending on the legal and cultural background in the various countries. This study aims to clarify whether this practice is a basic care intervention or a futile medical treatment. Therefore, we review the national guidelines and codes of ethics of different European countries. In countries such as Portugal, Italy and Poland, it is viewed as a basic care intervention, while in countries namely France, England, Norway, Ireland, Germany, Finland, Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland it is viewed as a medical treatment. Moreover, in countries such as Romania, Croatia and Hungary there is a lacking legal framework. The different approaches of the terminally ill patient's care can reflect differences on cultural perspectives.