Fatores Preditivos de Mau Prognóstico em Doentes com Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono Internados por COVID-19

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been hypothesized to have an impact on the outcome of patients hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to assess the role of OSA in the prognosis of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 and the factors predicting a poor prognosis in these patients. Methods: Retrospective observational study including adult subjects with obstructive sleep apnea hospitalized in Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) in Porto due to COVID-19, between March 2020 and December 2022. Data (patient's demographic characteristics, sleep study parameters, treatment data, and COVID-19 outcome parameters) was collected from the patient's individual medical records, and the Chi-square test or the Fisher test were used for the analysis of possible associations between OSA and COVID-19 severity. Results: A total of 108 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 who also presented with OSA were evaluated. Patients with severe COVID-19 were more likely to not have been under optimized treatment (55.8% vs 44.2%) and treatment optimization was found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (p=0.011). Sleep apnea severity was not found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Sleep apnea treatment optimization was found to be significantly associated with a severity composite outcome of need for high-flow oxygen therapy, non-invasive continuous ventilation or invasive ventilation during their hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death, among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Sleep apnea severity was not associated with this outcome.