Clinical Aspects of Postpartum Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective The postpartum period appears to be a vulnerable period for the development of obsessive compulsive disorder in parents; yet it is often overlooked resulting in serious consequences for the patients and their families. This work aims to synthesize clinical data available on Postpartum Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (PP-OCD) and to highlight its psychopathological significance and implications in clinical practice using a systematic approach. Methods We conducted a systematic research according to PRISMA guidelines in three databases - MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. The references obtained were then screened and scanned for eligibility by two investigators. Risk of bias was assessed for each study with NIH tools. Results and discussion The found prevalence of postpartum OCD ranged from 2.43%-9% among women and 1,7% among men. Other epidemiological and clinical data were reviewed, including PP-OCD etiology, risk factors, comorbidities, and particular phenomenology course, characterized by a swift onset of primarily aggressive and contamination obsessions, as well as situational avoidance by the parents. Conclusion This systematic review provides evidence that PP-OCD could be considered a subtype of OCD, due to its higher prevalence and distinct clinical features. It is a clinical entity frequently underdiagnosed, which perinatal health practitioners should be familiar with.