Ileostomy: Early and Late complications

Abstract

Introduction: Ileostomy formation is performed for multiple purposes related to intestinal pathology, such as obstructive malignant or benign tumors, inflammatory bowel diseases, intestinal ischemia, and, for the most part, as a protective stoma in high-risk anastomosis. This surgically opening creation, despite being considered as a simple procedure it is without questioning, in certain cases, followed by complications. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE database and using PubMed search engine. A total of 43 articles were included in this review. Results/Discussion: In the course of this work, it was possible to explore different types of complications that can arise in patients with an ileostomy. High output stomas were found to be associated with dehydration and electrolytes imbalances. Skin-related morbidity was shown to be present in a great percentage of patients. More severe complications, such as peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum and necrosis are less frequent and require urgent management. Several risk factors were identified in cases of retraction, obstruction, prolapse and parastomal herniation. Conclusion: Even though ileostomy formations can have numerous benefits in certain patients, they are also associated with many complications. These complications should be avoided and quickly managed because they can severely affect patients' quality of life. Surveillance and follow-up by a multidisciplinary team is strongly advisable, bearing in mind that good performances by the responsible surgeons are also a key factor.