Síndrome de Takotsubo: Fisiopatologia e Abordagem Terapêutica

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) is a cardiac pathology characterized by a transient acute systolic ventricular dysfunction, whose differential diagnosis with Acute Coronary Syndrome is, many times, quite challenging. However, its pathophysiology is still not fully understood, which contributes to the current lack of specific treatments for it. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliographic review on the various pathophysiological hypotheses of TTS as well as its therapeutic approach. Methods: A literature review was carried out by searching the PubMed® online database for articles published on this topic. The MeSH Database was used to define the following query: "TakoTsubo Cardiomyopathy [Mesh] AND Takotsubo Syndrome [Mesh] AND Broken-Heart Syndrome [Mesh] AND Pathophysiology [Mesh] AND Treatment [Mesh]" including articles written in English, Portuguese or German, with no restrictions on the year of publication. Conclusions: In recent years, although there is still no consensus, several hypotheses have been presented, tested and explored to try to explain the pathophysiology of TTS, most of which are based on the primordial involvement of the adrenergic system. The treatment of TTS is still mostly supportive, with no concrete recommendations. However, it is essential to carry out further studies and investigation in order to determine the true pathophysiology of this syndrome in order to make the understanding, therapeutic approach and management of TTS more personalized and specific, thus improving its prognosis.