Tipologias de Habitação Contemporânea: Experiências em Portugal no século XXI

Abstract

Today, if we think of family, the answer will be variable. Mother, father, children, grandparents, couples with or without children, same gender couples, boyfriend or girlfriend, friends, among others. As a reflection of a changing society, new realities and family dynamics have developed, as well as new housing typologies. The investigation has a hybrid methodology between theory and practice. The family's social, political and economic evolution is analyzed, from the 20th century to the present day, based on references from the areas of psychology, sociology and statistics, aiming to highlight the new family realities, diverse and variable, that changed ways of living. It also seeks to highlight current housing needs, emphasizing young adults (18-34 years old) and seniors (+65 years old) who have changed their ways of living, with particular needs, significant to housing projects. Young adults leave their parents house late, are unable to emancipate due to the precariousness of their first job, many live with poor conditions, often in shared housing, formerly design for the nuclear family, and seniors, who mostly receive less than the minimum wage, and lacking of alternatives to institutionalization. The pandemic became the situation worse and the majority started living 24 hours at home, seven days per week, forced to work in houses without the necessary conditions, mixing intimate and professional life, emphasizing the investigation. Simultaneously with the study of a disciplinary context and existing literature, ways of living are also studied, and how they are interpreted and spatialized, analyzing various Portuguese projects throughout the 20th and 21st centuries that show important particularities for today. Potential housing project contributions are observed, based on the research Tools for inhabiting the Present: Housing in the 21st century by the architects Josep Maria Montaner, Zaida Muxí and David H. Falagán (Spain) and adapted to the Portuguese context, focusing on densified areas (mainly Lisbon and Porto). It is concluded that these transformations are rarely addressed, therefore, this dissertation was developed to be considered in a Portuguese collective housing project, all age groups, gender, culture, ways of living and diverse family formulations, supported by participation, adaptability, accessibility, among others, and include current factors such as appropriation, change and evolution of residents, and productive work.