Disinfection methods against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the most recent pandemic faced by humanity. Given its contagious nature, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global crisis causing millions of deaths. Even though vaccination is already available, other effective preventive approaches and therapeutic drugs are still needed. Aim: This review highlights the up-to-date evidence found in literature of disinfection methods with efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A research was conducted through PubMed and Web of Science to assess the disinfection methods used against SARS-CoV-2. From a total of 1229 studies found, 47 were included in this review. Quality assessment of the included records was evaluated by the OHAT risk of bias tool. Findings: Disinfection methods on environmental surfaces were approached by 20 studies. 14 studies demonstrated methods used to decontaminate PPEs. 11 articles addressed disinfection methods used on biological surfaces and 4 articles presented disinfection methods for airborne coronavirus. Conclusions: Several household and hospital disinfection agents, UV-C irradiation, ozone and surface coatings are effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces whereas high temperature and humidity are key factors in viral decay. The decontamination of PPEs can be conducted by heat treatment, UV-C irradiation and hydrogen peroxide vapor. Formulations containing povidone-iodine can provide virucidal action on the skin and mucous membranes. In the case of hand disinfection, typical soap bars and alcohols can inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Air filtration systems incorporated with materials that possess catalytic properties, UV-C devices and heating systems can effectively reduce airborne viral particles.