Body dysmorphic disorder: A narrative review of neurobiological processes

Abstract

Since Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) was incorporated, by the DSM-V, into the same spectrum as the Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there has been an increase in the scientific studies regarding the neurobiological processes of this disease. The aim of this study was to review the current understanding of the neurobiology and pathophysiology of BDD. The literature was searched using the Pubmed database with the mesh terms consisting of synonyms of BDD, neurobiology and neuroimaging. A time limit of 10 years was established and all titles and abstracts were screened. In total, 43 articles were reviewed. Several studies have identified deficits in neuropsychological tests, in individuals with BDD and, when comparing to healthy control and other clinical groups, differences in visual, frontostriatal and limbic system regions have been consistent amongst studies at the structural and functional levels of the brain. However, the existing studies are heterogeneous regarding the patient samples and methodological processes. Thus, future studies should focus on replicating these studies in order to further understand the biological processes of BDD and possibly find new treatment options.