Vacinação contra o HPV no género masculino: situação atual e o impacte da sua implementação

Abstract

Introduction: With the widespread of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, firstly approved in 2007 for female gender, most cervical carcinomas in the younger population were prevented. As times went by, HPV as a possible cause of penile, vaginal, vulvar, anal and oropharyngeal carcinoma was established. Therefore, physicians started to wonder if HPV vaccination in male gender could be effective in the prevention of these diseases. Objectives: The main goal of this review was to access the impact of vaccination against HPV in male. Methods: We adopted the protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), for article selection. The data base used was "Pubmed". Finally, we evaluated the current situation of HPV vaccination in developed countries. Results: In the end of the protocol, we included 42 articles, which explore the impact of HPV vaccination in male gender, either in the regression of HPV lesion or in a cost-effectiveness point of view. Conclusions: Of the 31 analysed countries, only 2 of them do not include HPV vaccination in the national vaccination programme (NVP). From the other 29, the majority (26 counties) include HPV vaccination freely in the NVP and 19 of them only include the vaccination of HPV for female gender. Although 36% of HPV related carcinomas occur in male and even though HPV vaccine could prevent these carcinomas, most studies consider vaccination of male not cost-effective. Nevertheless, some countries consider the inclusion of HPV vaccination in male in their NVP to be cost-effective. Therefore, every country should perform their own cost-effectiveness study and afterwards decide the better public health strategy that suits them, never forgetting the scientific and ethical issues underlying male HPV vaccination.