Optimization of the Topology of Masonry Units From the Thermal Point of View Using a Genetic Algorithm

Abstract

Masonry enclosures subjected to environment conditions have a considerable economic weight in building construction cost, and they are also important when considering thermal and structural behaviour. The increasing use in Portugal of masonry blocks made with lightweight concrete demands a study of the topology of these blocks, namely the form, dimensions and distribution of the voids in order to obtain an optimized block. To maintain the interior of the building at a comfortable temperature range, the thermal behaviour of the lightweight concrete masonry block should be taken into account. Numerical simulations using the finite element method coupled with optimization techniques allow to improve the masonry performance. In this work masonry unit topology is optimized according to thermal normative requests.