Munique: intervenções urbanas de Theodor Fischer como circunstância para um projecto na Schwanthalerstraße

Abstract

The object of study of this dissertation isTheodor Fischer's urban intervention in Munich.In order to do this, we will analyse some parts ofMunich's Urban Expansion Plan created while thearchitect was working for the Münchner Stadterweiterungsbüro,between 1894 and 1902.Initially, Fischer (1862 - 1938) will be introducedthrough the reference of some relevant dataconcerning his life as an architect, urbanist andteacher.There will also be a reference his close relationshipwith other urbanists of that period suchas Reinhard Baumeister (1833 - 1917), Josef Stübben(1845 - 1936), and Camilo Sitte (1843 - 1903).Sitte is an important reference for Fischer.They have a very similar point of view on theimportance of unity and circumstance within thecity, besides that of identity and reference. However,considering the practical application, Fischer's approachis much more real and less philosophical,that is, the city shouldn't be thought theoretically,but in practical terms, approaching each case accordingto its specificities.Traffic is also a novelty brought by ModernUrbanism and that reflects the importance thatFischer concedes to this issue.For the urbanist, the three main problems ofthe city were the housing issue, the traffic use andadapting to nature.By the end of the 19th century, there wereserious public health and hygiene problems. Landspeculation was huge and people lived in precari-ous situations.Modern Urbanism tries to solve theseissues and provide the city with a greater infrastructuraldevelopment. That is when the first waterand sewage networks and heating systems start toappear in houses.Moreover, some areas of Munich will beanalysed. Prinzregentenstraße, Schwabing, Tal,Rothmundstraße and Bavariaring are the five studycases chosen to solve different issues.Whilst Prinzregentenstraße is a big axis ofthe city and Schwabing corresponds to the expansionof the historic part of town, Tal shows a type ofintervention in the historic centre. Rothmundstraßeis a residential street and Bavariaring solves a trafficissue by means of a ring.Finally, we introduce the project made atthe Technische Universität München of a high densitybuilding for the Central Station area - Hauptbahnhof.The volume is based on houses oftenfound In the Northern and Southern parts of Munichand it has two courtyards. These houses alsoadded to the logic of space organization. Moreover,we will mention Chicago in some references, inview of a field trip under the scope of this project.