International research collaboration: is Africa different? A cross-country panel data analysis

International research collaboration (IRC) has been relevant for the development of national scientific systems. In Africa, given the limited resources devoted to research and development (R&D) activities and the crucial role that scientific knowledge generated through research activities can have in socioeconomic development, IRC may be an opportunity to strengthen scientific capabilities. While geographical, economic, political/governance, cultural, intellectual and excellence distance hamp...

Oversight of radiative properties of coatings pigmented with TiO2 nanoparticles

Passive cooling of buildings under sunlight can be achieved by enhanced coating reflectance. Embedding micro/nano-sized objects, such as nanoparticles, in a lossless material like a polymer, may serve the purpose of reflecting the desired spectrum. The knowledge of the behavior of pigments in the infrared region is therefore a critical factor in formulating coatings to specific requirements. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, which can simulate the propagation of electromagneti...

Correction: A Convex Analysis Approach to Entropy Functions, Variational Principles and Equilibrium States

Interpretation of the Reflectance Spectra of Lithium (Li) Minerals and Pegmatites: A Case Study for Mineralogical and Lithological Identification in the Fregeneda-Almendra Area

Reflectance spectroscopy has been used to identify several deposit types. However, applications concerning lithium (Li)-pegmatites are still scarce. Reflectance spectroscopic studies complemented by microscopic and geochemical studies were employed in the Fregeneda-Almendra (Spain-Portugal) pegmatite field to analyze the spectral behavior of Li-minerals and field lithologies. The spectral similarity of the target class (Li-pegmatites) with other elements was also evaluated. Lepidolite was dis...