Convergências entre Itália, Brasil e Portugal: A revisão do moderno como construção de identidade

Abstract

This dissertation proposes a study of the critical assimilation of the Modern Movement in Italy, Brazil, and Portugal between 1922 and 1968, analyzing how different cultural, political, and social contexts contributed to the construction of particular architectural identities in each country. It is based on the assumption that, despite the international diffusion of modern principles throughout the twentieth century, modern architecture was reinterpreted according to local historical circumstances, constructive traditions, and cultural specificities. The research is organized into three main stages. The first is dedicated to understanding the principles and formulations of the international Modern Movement, with particular emphasis on the development of the so-called International Style and its main theoretical debates. The second focuses on the historical and architectural contextualization of Italy, Brazil, and Portugal, analyzing the processes of assimilation of the movement, the relationship between architecture and authoritarian regimes, and the tensions between tradition and modernity. The third stage is devoted to the study of the theories and works of Ernesto Nathan Rogers, Lina Bo Bardi, and Fernando Távora, bringing together the concepts of continuità, popular modernity, and third way through the analysis of their theories and built works: Torre Velasca, the São Paulo Museum of Art, and the Santa Maria da Feira Municipal Market. The aim of this dissertation is, therefore, to understand the convergences and specificities present in the different interpretations of modern architecture in these three countries, highlighting how the search for identity, tradition, and cultural contextualization contributed to the formulation of new architectural approaches in the post-war period.