Association between different components of physical function and cognitive performance among older adults at high risk of dementia

Abstract

This study explores the association between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults who are at high risk of dementia. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a sample of 153 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and above, who underwent a battery of physical fitness tests and cognitive assessments. Physical Assessments include the Handgrip Strength Test, Unipedal Stance Test, 2 Minute Step Test, Time Up and Go Test, 5 Times Sit-to-Stand and Short Physical Performance Battery - Full Tandem. While cognitive performance was evaluated using the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test - Part A and the Wechsler Memory Scale - Digit Memory. Logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive value of physical performance on cognitive outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables. The Unipedal Stance Test showed an association with the Stroop Test, while no significant associations were found for the WMS-DM. Adjusted models highlighted that factors such as sex, education level and nervous system medication use may influence cognitive performance more strongly than physical aptitude alone. Importantly, physical domains such as muscular strength, agility and dynamic balance, static balance and aerobic endurance showed relevant associations with the TMT-A. These findings suggest that motor abilities may play a contributory role in certain cognitive functions. Future research should further investigate these relationships through longitudinal studies to impact cognitive trajectories in aging populations at risk of dementia.