Efeitos do treino de força em variáveis determinantes de rendimento em corredores: Revisão Bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: The middle and long distance runners performance is depent on different physiological factors, which in turn, are conditioned by factors extrinsic to the running training of each runner, as is the case with strength training. It is then necessary to understand how the strength training in its different manifestations, can be affirmed as an important tool in training prescription in runners. Objective: To analyze if strength training influences the running economy, vVO2max, VO2max and lactate thereshold/ blood lactate accumulation. Methods: Four databases (Pubmed, B-on, EBSCOhost and Scopus) were systematically researched and were included only the studies were the strength training was the principal intervention method and the different physiological parameters were evaluated. The databases review, where the cut year was 2008, identified twenty studies that matched to the inclusion criteria. Results: The subjects are one of the differentiating parameter when their running level is relatively low, because when the subjects are of a medium/high level there seems to be an agreement in the results. In these, the majority resorted to the MST as a means of intervention and the combined training seems to have better results in increasing performance. The ST protocol itself can influence the experimental process. The strength manifestation is a key factor for the investigations results. MST combined with EST, seems to be the most effective method for improving runners' performance. Conclusion: There is evidence that strength training improves EC, vVO 2 max and the anaerobic threshold. However, these improvements may depend directly from the manifestation of force used. There are important methodological diferences that should be highlighted, which can explain the discrepancy of some results. After analyzing the sample of the studies, it is possible to conclude that 2 to 3 maximum strength training sessions (85% -100% RM) combined with explosive strength training (40% -60% RM) over a period of 8 to 14 weeks for runners moderately trained and 14 to 24 weeks for well-trained runners, can improve the runner´s performance. The strength training could also be able to induce improvements in performance in running tests, namely in competitive distances of 3 and 5 km.