O efeito de um programa de treino baseado no perfil vertical força: velocidade em bailarinos de Ballet Clássico em formação e sua interferência no alto Grand Jeté

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the vertical force-velocity (f-v) profile of dancers in training, before and after carrying out a specific training program over a period of eight weeks and their interference in the aesthetic appreciation of the grand jeté jump. The sample consisted of 29 dancers, between 11 and 18 years old, divided from the individual f-v profile assessed through the countermovement jump (CMJ), measured by the Myjump2 application. The force production rate (RFD) was assessed using a force platform. All results, including those of the f-v profile and aesthetic appreciation, were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Test, encompassing all the mechanical variables of the f-v profile. Magnitudes of change and comparisons between the moments were calculated by the effect size (Hopkins, 2014). For aesthetic appreciation, the grand jeté was recorded before and after the training application. When analyzing all the dancers in the sample, the results indicated significant differences in the variables CMJ, Maximum Power, and distance covered by the center of mass during the push-off. The analysis of the variables in each group indicated that the group of dancers with a high f deficit was the one that best responded to the training, significantly bringing the difference between the current and the ideal profile (FVimb) closer to the values of the optimal profile. Although the other groups did not show improvements in the FVimb, they increased the height of the jump in the CMJ significantly from 27.38cm to 31.57cm (low deficit of f), and significantly from 23.07cm to 27.21cm (well-balanced) and from 34.32 cm to 36.55cm (low deficit of v). In the aesthetic assessment, we observed that of the five dancers evaluated, three were reported having better performance at the moment before the training intervention. We conclude that the training program achieved positive results for the variables analyzed in this study and that FVimb and RFD can be useful variables for the prescription of specific training to work on the jump height, ballistic performance, and variables related to the f-v profile. The improvement in the jumping ability in 8 weeks did not positively interfere in the aesthetic appreciation of the grand jeté.