A competição de Judo para deficientes visuais: Procura de evidências sobre a equidade do modelo competitivo em vigor

Abstract

Nowadays, we have seen an increasing number of practitioners of physical exercise and sport, a trend which is also followed by people who practice adapted sports. Judo is a good example of this phenomenon and it has been on the rise in recent decades. In order to achieve high performance during the training process of the judo athletes, it is important to promote the sensory, cognitive, social and motor development of practitioners. Such aspects and their interrelationships will be extremely relevant in the competitive performance presented by the athlete, since one will compete against the others regardless of the degree of visual impairment (VI). The objective of this research was to find out if there is a positive association between the number of participants in each of the sports categories (B1, B2 and B3) for the VI and the sports results achieved by the judo athletes that integrate each one of them, as well as to verify if the international sports classification system for the visually impaired contributes to a fair competitive practice, where, from the beginning, the judo athletes with VI of the three categories mentioned can have the same opportunities for success within the same competition group. The method used was based on a literature review, with the intention of collecting data, which after being treated, could contribute to answering the objectives of the study. This way, it was performed a statistical analysis of the data related to the main world judo competitions for the visually impaired in the years of 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2018. For this purpose, the SPSS software was used, applying the Chi-Square test, in which analyses of independent sample distributions were performed (year of competition, sex, weight category, classification of athletes according to IBSA and competition results). It was concluded that the association between the three sports classes for VI was not positive, as well as the current organizational system of the events is not equitable, since category B1 is at a disadvantage in relation to the others.