Estratégias de prevenção de lesões no futebol: Uma análise sobre protocolos, efetividade e qualidade metodológica

Abstract

Introduction: An extensive range of negative consequences, generated by injuries, concern all professionals involved in sports that present an elevated risk. Sports stakeholders assume a difficult decision-making process while designing and implementing the best methodologies, to develop athlete's performance. In this scenario, this review aims to: identify the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies; assess the methodological quality and risk of bias from the studies; compile the outcomes presented in the scientific literature. Methodology: The PRISMA guideline was used in this review. The search strategy was applied in Cochrane Library, Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Web of science databases. An additional search over Goggle Scholar and reference lists were executed. Only meta-analyses that assessed soccer/football with randomized studies were included. Methodological quality was assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool. Two independently reviewers executed the search strategy and methodological assessments. Results: From the initial 139 papers, only five were eligible for the review. The studies commonly presented multimodal strategies, including exercises for strength, running, balance and mobility. Four of the included systematic reviews presented a critically low methodological quality, and only one fulfilled the criteria for moderate quality. The most common reported outcome was differences in overall injury between control and intervention group. Final considerations: Our main finding, was a reduction of 26% over knee injuries, compared to control. This data obtained moderate quality, but only in one metaanalysis. Other measures of effect, even though presented reduction over the injuries relative risk, must be interpreted with prudence due to the high risk of bias presented.