Reinterpreting the Aesthetic Value of Craftsmanship through New Digital Manufacturing Technologies: Milling decorative terrazzo tiles

Abstract

Modern construction has resulted in significant environmental impacts and a shift away from ornamentation in favor of industrial functionality. With the advancement of digital technologies, such as CAD/CAM and robotic manufacturing, there is now the possibility of reintegrating ornamentation into contemporary design, exploring new materials and techniques. This study investigates subtractive manufacturing through robotic milling applied to a cementitious terrazzo panel, produced with granite powder, construction and demolition waste (CDW), and marble and granite fragments. The methodology included manual tests with a multi-tool and tests with a robotic arm equipped with a router and two types of accessories (grinding wheel and diamond cutter), using parametric code developed in Grasshopper for Rhinoceros 3D. The results confirmed the technical feasibility, despite challenges such as aggregate heterogeneity, vibrations, and accelerated tool wear. The project contributes to the return of ornamentation as a hybrid practice (between digital and artisanal), exploring waste materials and emerging aesthetics.