O impacto de um programa de exercício físico, na aptidão física e nível de atividade física em crianças e jovens adultos com síndrome de Down

Abstract

The population with Down syndrome (DS) often presents low levels of physical fitness (PFI) and insufficient levels of physical activity (PA), which can negatively impact their health. Furthermore, the literature shows the need for research that integrates training protocols and adequate methods of measuring PA. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a physical exercise program on PFI and PA levels in people with DS. Specifically, the aim was to: (i) analyze improvements over time in upper limb strength (UPS) and lower limb strength (LLS), cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), agility and flexibility; (ii) identify improvements in physical health parameters related to the participants' body composition; and (iii) characterize the participants' PA level, in accordance with the specific recommendations for their age group. The present study involved 9 participants with DS aged between 8 and 20 years. The intervention program consisted of physical exercise classes held once a week, lasting 45 to 60 minutes, for a total period of 16 weeks. The ALPHA Battery was used to assess APF. The participants' flexibility was measured using the Wells Bench and body composition was assessed through bioimpedance. The level of PA was monitored using an accelerometer. The Wilcoxon test and network analysis were used for data analysis. The total sample showed a statistically significant improvement in BMI, fat mass, FMS and agility after the intervention period. Participants showed that in both pre- and post-program assessment moments, they complied with the PA recommendations. The evidence from this study provides important information about APF in children, adolescents and young adults with DS. However, more frequent, prolonged and individualized interventions are essential for broad and sustainable gains, and the active inclusion of their caregivers is also recommended to optimize results and adherence.