Ansiedade e medo de falhar em contextos de performance: O papel das orientações cognitivas e do clima motivacional.

Abstract

This study aimed to understand the relationship between achievement goals and the perceived motivational climate with emotions, anxiety and fear of failure, in sporting and artistic contexts. The first study had the aim of analysing the relationship between achievement goals (task/ego) and the perceived motivational climate (task, performance, mistakes), with emotions (anxiety and fear of failure), in young athletes of team sports. Questionnaires were applied to study each variable. It was found a negative correlation between task oriented and the task motivational climate with low levels of anxiety and fear of failure. On the other hand, when there exists an orientation for ego and a motivational climate focused on performance and mistakes, there is a bigger tendency to achieve higher levels of these negative emotions. The second study had the aim of evaluating the motivational and emotional factors in young dancers, exploring how their achievement goals and perceived motivational climate influence their emotions and performance. In this study were used semi-structured interviews to collect data, and made stronger these conclusions. The ballet dancers who present a bigger task orientation and perceived a task motivational climate, have demonstrated to have lower levels of anxiety and fear of failure, and on the contraire, the ones that had an ego orientation and a performance and mistakes motivational climate, have a bigger experience with these negative emotions. Beyond that, the coping strategies used varied from ballet dancer to ballet dancer, however, the strategies that were used more were the ones centred on the emotions and on the problem. The results of these two studies highlight the importance of privilege the creation of a positive motivational climate having in consideration the sports and artistic contexts, promoting yet a task orientation, with the objective of decreasing the negative effects of emotions, like anxiety and fear of failure. It was also understood the need of a more complex psychological intervention on these subjects.