Análise do efeito de treino após a aplicação de um programa de treino pliométrico em atletas femininas e masculinos de andebol

Abstract

Handball has evolved over the years in all its dimensions. Focusing on the physical dimension, strength training plays a major role in the performance of a handball team, as this sport is characterized by body contact between players, which occurs during defensive controls and 1v1 duels, rapid changes of direction, accelerations, thrusts, ground receptions, starts and braking. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a plyometric training plan for male and female handball players, both in the upper and lower kinetic chain, when compared to handball training alone. In addition, it also aimed to understand which training frequency brings more advantages to the athlete's performance, 2 or 3 times a week. Finally, a gender comparison was made. In this study, 30 female handball athletes and 13 male athletes were organized into 3 different groups: performing plyometric training 3 times a week (N=15), 2 times a week (N=15) and a control group (N=15). The athletes were assessed at 2 different times using these 3 exercises: 30-meter sprint, CMJ and medicine ball throws. For 6 weeks, a training program consisting of 5 exercises was applied, 2 for the upper kinetic chain and 3 for the lower kinetic chain (4 sets of 6 repetitions). We can conclude that plyometric training influences the athletes' performance in sprinting and CMJ. On the other hand, we were able to ascertain that plyometric training in the upper kinetic chain was not effective in this group of athletes, since due to the small sample this study cannot be generalized. In addition, we found that training twice a week was more effective than training three times a week. Therefore, we can say that the plyometric training program applied to these athletes for 6 weeks proved to be effective and is an important parameter to take into account in handball training.