(RE)PENSAR A SMART CITY: INTERFERÊNCIAS DO DIGITAL NA CONCEÇÃO E EXPERIÊNCIA DA CIDADE

Abstract

The growth of cities globally, along with technological advancements and the desire to combat climate change, has driven the search for new urban planning approaches. "Smart Cities" emerged as a promising solution, introducing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the urban planning process. The first part of this work provides a historical overview of urban planning, from the late 19th century to the present day. Various approaches prior to the "smart city" are analyzed, including the modern city, which also stands out as an urban model that sought to control the city. The "smart city" emerges as an evolution of this model adapted to the technological development in the contemporary context. Despite its apparent advantages in solving various urban planning problems, the "smart city" still faces challenges in its implementation due to the complexity of urban behaviors that act as variables within the city. However, it is necessary to recognize that there is no concrete concept of a "smart city", with the term having evolved beyond just an information-driven city, when the goal is deeper than that. The significant challenge associated with "smart cities" lies in parameterizing the data and models that control the city, as it depends on various factors. The control of the forces at play is a colossal, perhaps even impossible task, necessitating the consideration of new solutions that address the true complexity of a city. This dissertation raises participatory approaches as an alternative to the technocentric "smart city". In this case, residents are included in the decision-making processes, and the ICT's assume an important but primarily supportive role. However, even these approaches have their limitations, as they do not consider all forms of life inhabiting urban spaces. Thus, in the final part of this work, recent models are explored, integrating principles of nature into urban planning, notably the "biocity". This model adopts a more holistic view of urban planning, balancing the needs of all urban actors, not only Man and technology.