Marine phenolics: Classes, antibacterial properties, and applications

Abstract

Phenolics are a large group of compounds that result mostly from the secondary metabolism of plants. They are widely present in human and animal diets, especially through the ingestion of plant-based foods. Despite the anti-nutritive properties of phenolics, there is an increased interest in these compounds, as they have shown a huge range of bioactive properties. Actually, the recognized natural healing power of phenolic compounds has incited attention from different industrial sectors. The food industry has been motivated to use additives of natural origin, due to the growing concern about synthetics. This consumer trend also affects the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as people search for products with the most possible natural content. However, with the increasing market for phenolic compounds, new sources are urgently needed in order to avoid overexploitation of terrestrial resources and ensure sustainability. Considering that 2/3 of the planet is covered by marine water that provides habitat for an incredible number of marine organisms such as algae (macroalgae and microalgae), marine sources could be an alternative solution. In fact, it is known that macroalgae and microalgae can offer a yet unquantifiable source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics with underexploited potential. This chapter provides an overview of the variety of phenolic compounds from algae. Their specific applications as antibacterial agents are addressed. Prospective industrial applications are also covered. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.