Habitação a custos controlados - promoção municipal - 2 casos no Porto

Abstract

This work is a part of a survey of the most striking examples of promoting low-cost housing in the city of Oporto, characterizing and contextualizing each of them. The degration and segregation of residential areas, particularly the appearance of the "ilhas", the extent of building surface, associated with a growing population, resulting from rural exodus, the appear as the main changes that take place in Oporto in the late nineteenth century. Given the degrading housing conditions that living particularly the working class, will be taking measures to changing this picture. First of all, with more or less punctual initiatives of philanthropic in nature, in case of neighborhoods of "O Comércio do Porto", and later with measures of greater impact, either by the City Council or by the State, and that result in the construction of neighborhoods first, consisting of single family housing (colonies workers and economic houses) and, form 1940, for multifamily blocks - "Os Bairros Camarários". In order to relocate the families living in tents and "ilhas", emerge the "Plano de Melhoramentos para a Cidade do Porto" (1956 - 1966), with the finality to put an end to all the situation of housing degradation. The activity of the HE - FCP (City Council and State Intervention) has introduced news concepts "Movimento Moderno" and it is recognized, as technically and disclosed, as in own architectural prodution and residential, referring, for example the cells of "social housing" of "Bairro de Alvalade" in Lisbon and "Bairro de Ramalde" in Oporto. After April 1974 arise SAAL interventions with the aim of insert a new methodology of intervention in the city throught the dialectical relationship between planners and residents, representing a key role essential in the development of the urban principles and upholding the rights of the people. Recently, the INH (now IHRU), directed to social classes with low economic resources, coordinate funding for housing programs, corresponding to a promotion held indirectly through financial and technical support to three types of entities: municipal, cooperative and private. These are the achievements of these entities, with the support of INH, represent the nominations of the annual award sponsored by INH. They are characterized the different forms of promotion of HCC; private, municipal and cooperative. It is promoting the qualitative growth of HCC in recent years, highlighting the aspects that contribute to it. Refers to the importance of proper insertion location and their social integration combined with residential satisfaction. Finally, presents the case studies, pointing out their planners, developers and builders, analyzing for each case, their urban characteristics and residential architecture, accompanied by illustrative elements of their projects.