Um Estudo do Fachadismo no Contexto da Preservação do Património Arquitectónico

Abstract

It is intended to explore as the field of study within this Master's Thesis, the Faculty of Economics of Oporto (1961-1974) of the architect Alfredo Evangelista Viana de Lima as a symbol in the university architecture in Portugal. Viana de Lima as a participant in CIAM and follower of the principles of the Charter of Athens and the Modern Movement, expressed in its work this way of making architecture. But not merely apply these ideals, Viana de Lima adapting them to the Portuguese reality by introducing a new look in the way of doing architecture. The Faculty of Economics of Oporto (FEO) also shows this relationship with Le Corbusier. This is a landmark not only for its formal expression but also by the questions it raises, showing a new way of thinking the university/school buildings, which until then had not arisen in Portugal. The architect is presenting a new way of viewing and designing this type of public building. There is a question of programmatic organization, the relationship between circulation and living spaces, the relationship between interior and exterior. There, in a sense an analogy with the cloister architecture of other times, a resume of these quiet and intimate spaces. It is worth noting the particular way that the architect makes a building this size, a single space that becomes more intimate and cozy when it3;s necessary. The FEO states as well as a building that incorporates the concepts of the Modern Movement allied with the questioning of the design of public buildings. The development of the dissertation is based on a first consideration of the architect Viana de Lima, trying to realize who he was, figuring out the course of his work and its relationship to the architecture of the Modern Movement and the traditional Portuguese architecture. Then it is essential to address of the building of the FEO, perceiving it in its essence, in the relations with the place where it implants, the reason of the architect3;s options and the various phases through which the project has passed, knowing by this way the route of this work. Following this order is intended to also understand this work in time and context in which it operates, seeing it in relation to other works of his time, and trying to grasp what was the architecture of post-war, brutalism, and also the cloister architecture. The Architect reveals that the affinity with the French master is evident not only in his work as in his writings, and Faculty of Economics of Oporto is an example of this fascination and represents the in the journey of Viana de Lima a return to Le Corbusier3;s vocabulary, patent in a large part of his work. Finally we must also realize in what as the FEO had influence or changed the way of thinking the public school building, and in what way it marked the historical evolution of university buildings in Portugal.