A relação equipamento-cidade (centralizado/estruturador e transformador): Uma descrição histórica do Porto

Abstract

The present work was motivated by my experience in the city of Porto during my academic career. At the end of this course I take the opportunity to deepen my knowledge about the city and the equipment that intersect it. Like the city, the city of Porto is transformed over time and the equipments follow this evolution, integrating and qualifying the urban structure. In this exact study we approach the various periods of urban development, critically the XX/XXI centuries. We are interested in understanding the various phases of transformation/expansion and on this historical analysis, we intend to understand the positioning of various equipment in the evolution of urban structure, throughout the twentieth century/XXI Thus, the dialectic between the equipment-city, the understanding of the equipment as an expression of urbanity, in adjectives such as: Dinamizadores, centralizers, structuradores and transformers. In this analysis, we used historical bibliography, cartography, visits to the buildings, photography and technical drawings of plans, etc. The first chapter: The Historical Framework of Porto explores the formation of the city in the periods prior to the 12th century, the 12th-14th century, the 15th-19th century and the 20th-20th century. We focus on the XX-XXI century in the city's development phases, listing all the relevant equipment based on a joint analysis of the bibliography on Porto, taking into account parameters such as: program, architectural language, urban insertion and scale. The equipment on which the analysis is applied was reduced, highlighting diversities and contributions. From this systematization results that the six twenty corresponding to phases of urban development, coincide with three phases/principles regarding the oscillation of relations between equipment-city. In our view, the equipment goes from being centralizers in a defined urban context to being dynamic/structuring equipment in a developing context, to mobilizing/transforming equipment. We conclude that in Porto there have always been these equipments and that in the XX/XXI century, analyzed in six periods of urban development, the equipment is characterized by the evolution in it, even if belatedly, in the case of Porto, in the current transformation of the city.