A Cartografia Histórica de Petrópolis e uma análise geográfica sincrônica para o século XIX (1846-1861)

Abstract

The city of Petrópolis has a differentiated trajectory in relation to other Brazilian cities, because the synchronic economic, political and social conjuncture gives the city a unique character in its creation. The purchase of the Córrego Seco farm in 1830 by Dom Pedro I is the first measure to carry out the construction of the imperial palace and the creation of a village called Petrópolis. For the study of the geography of the past of the imperial city of Petrópolis, a search was carried out for normative and cartographic historical documents along with memory institutions. In this sense, three historical documents stand out, two of them normative: Imperial Decree nº 155 of 1843, landmark of creation of the city and the last document, the provincial report of 1846, which specifies the distribution of imperial deadlines according to the use of the land and occupational status of tenants. As for the historic cartographic document, the Koeler Plan of 1846 stands out, the guiding document of this research authored by Julio Koeler. In addition to this, four other historical plans were analyzed, which were georeferenced from the cartographic base on a scale of 1: 10,000 acquired from the City Hall of Petrópolis. The georeferencing made it possible to overlap the limits of the five historical plans and together with the normative historical documents to analyze changes that occurred in the limits of this new city, through the vectorization of blocks and imperial terms, in addition to other constant features in the historical plans. Thus, with an interval of fifteen years from the first historical plan to the last one analyzed, together with the normative historical documents, a great expansion of the limits initially drawn in the Koeler Plan was verified. In this way, the impositions laid out in the normative documents translate in Petrópolis a social stratification and spatial segregation of a spatial pattern characteristic of the 19th century, with the elite installed close to the center, as it was in the center of the city that the most important urban institutions were located.