Políticas habitacionais: tempos, contextos e espaço urbano resultante. Uma análise da evolução das políticas habitacionais no Brasil e em Portugal, a partir do século XX nos contextos do Estado Social, liberalização económica e financeirização.

Abstract

This study seeks to understand the main housing policies promoted throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first century in Europe and Latin America, most specifically in Portugal and Brazil. The aim of this dissertation is to present an overview and a theoretical review of the most important and determining housing policies in the various political and economic moments, in the contexts of Europe and Latin America in general, and of Portugal and Brazil in particular. The underlying idea is that urbanization is a process directly influenced by political and economic factors, both locally and globally. The intensification of the process of world economic integration observed since the twentieth century has played a key role in the local realities of each country, directly influencing public decisions and policies, including the policies of urban and housing planning. From this perspective, we investigate how the urban planning processes occur: the guiding principles, the various agents and interests involved, the main objectives and priorities and, finally, the respective solutions given to the guarantee of the right to housing in each context; assessing to what extent this right is actually guaranteed or not, based on the analysis of the conflicts, critical points and social issues they intend to respond. The work brings together two distinct realities, highlighting points of convergence or opposition, that allowed, through a comparative view, the mutual understanding of how these realities respond to the most basic demand of life in society: living. The motivation for this comparative study is firstly personal, to better understand these two realities that are very familiar to me, and, secondly, it comes from the realization that these two realities shares such aspects as, the scarcity of resources and some economic instability, to a greater or lesser extent.