A Caminho de uma Arquitectura Interativa: da Cibernética à Inteligência Artificial

Abstract

The present dissertation aims to study how adaptive architecture was formulated in the second half of the 20th century and how its concepts evolved to the present day. Following a specific strand of adaptation, which relies on technology to generate interaction between man and the constructed environment, we study interactive architecture, which foundations are outlined with the propagation of cybernetic concepts to architecture in the 1960s. Then, it is studied how the field of artificial intelligence developed the necessary means to formulate interactive control systems capable of autonomously adapting a device, mechanism, or environment. Through the combination of a theoretical approach - supported by the study of the field of cybernetics - and a technological approach - supported by the development of artificial intelligence - case studies are presented which demonstrate what was constructed in the 21st century that contains control systems that allow adaptation. These works are exposed according to the order of complexity of their respective control systems, which begins in prescription, progresses to reaction and culminates in interaction.