Arquitetura versus Arte. Uma leitura da obra de Álvaro Siza a partir do percurso no espaço museológico

Abstract

Nowadays most works of art and collections are created in the perspective of being disclosed to society. This disclosure carried out mainly through museological institutions, gives the museum a central role in the life and cultural dynamics of the national context in which it is inserted in particular and in the international context in general and, therefore, of relative importance in society and in urban dynamics local and international. Despite the importance and prestige gained since its inception, the museum has not always explored a strategy of opening to the public, having operated for a long time in a closed and isolated way. Until defining itself as we know it today, the Museum underwent a great evolution over time, marked by moments of greater or lesser conceptual transformation, reflected in the definition of its program, which became progressively more complex and diverse, and with its role and relationship with society. Within the conceptual evolution pointed out, the path - with which a priori is defined a sense of circulation, visualization and apprehension of the exposed one - gained particular importance, having progressively acquired a central role in the construction of the project solution. Today, in its essence, the solutions developed in the context of the creation of a new museological space are based on the construction of an exhibition space that is made up of rooms of varying character, shape and composition, structured according to a path that determines a main sequence and, consequently, the way the visitor moves in the building and receives the above. In this work, we start with an understanding of the exercise of architecture as an art of space, na art that is lived, traveled and concretized based on the creation of a set of spaces that respond to a specific program,according to a principle structurer who is a support of relations that obeys a precise end and that necessarily summons a poetic dimension. According to this criterion, the analysis of the paths in the museum space in the work of Álvaro Siza meant to study, in addition to its structure and formal configuration, the devices that invoke all the dynamics that the course offers essentially as a poetic element and characterizing the architect's work. According to the architect Álvaro Siza, we can consider the poetic dimension when quality and rigor are present in the final objective of a project that is affected, in its entirety, by the same spirit or by the same architectural expression. The concept of an architectural project arises from a natural process of developing an idea that simultaneously encompasses several conditioning processes that are processed in a very rapid way through the program, the place, the idea of the place, the personality of the prosecutors, by the approving or reproving authorities, etc. According to the architect, it is from the synthesis of all these considerations that the poetic dimension is attained. As in the development of a poem, architecture is constructed out of reactions, of memories, of thought, of knowledge, that is, of a complex process that despite seeking objectivity and responding to a specific program, results of many sensations. In view of the above, the course is central in the meaning of what we consider to be the expression or spirit of a work, for it reveals how the most diverse events, including the detail, are linked in a somewhat fragmented but who joins the project by completing it and giving it meaning. In the analysis of the studied works, some devices were chosen that were considered pertinent for the understanding of the poetics present in the course and in the work of the architect Álvaro Siza, and that materialize essentially in elements of relation, connection, transition and illumination. With these elements we explore and emphasize sense of movement, moments of pause, tensions are created and the surprise of the unexpected is explored. This investigation allowed us to carry out a reading of the thinking of the architect Álvaro Siza and, consequently, of his work in general and of the museums he designed in particular.