ANÁLISE DA PERFORMANCE TÁTICO-TÉCNICA NO FUTEBOL DE ALTO RENDIMENTO. Estudo dos padrões sequenciais da fase defensiva e transição ataque-defesa das equipas semifinalistas do Campeonato do Mundo FIFA 2014

Abstract

This dissertation studies the tactical-technical defensive behavioural patterns that are most associated with the effectiveness of the defensive phase in the World Cup FIFA 2014 semi-finalists. It follows the procedures of the Observational Methodology (Anguera et al., 2000). For this purpose, a model of defensive organization in Soccer was developed and an instrument of observation designated SOC-DEF (Soccer Defense). Firstly, a study was developed in order to exhaustively collect defensive indicators in relation of the outcome of both phase and match. It was also intended, not only to collect these, but also to review the recurring methodologies in the investigation of match analysis. This systematic review followed the procedures of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes of the Cochrane Collaboration (Higgins & Green, 2008). Then, a second study was performed, to validate the notational system, based on the five-step process of authors Brewer and Jones 2002. Using the V-Aiken coefficient (Aiken, 1980) and its cohort value, consensus was found for (V> 0.67, n = 32, p <0.05) and for almost all subjects in the study (V> 0.69, n = 12, p <0.05). Subsequently, a third study was performed to test the hypotheses delimited in this dissertation. The chi-square test (p <0.05) and the sequential analysis (Z> 1.96) showed that there are individual and collective tactical-technical patterns with statistically significant associations in the effectiveness of ball recovery in the semi-finalists teams of the World Cup FIFA 2014 in Brazil. Specifically, the patterns found were associated with the type of ball recovery by tackle, interception, ball opponent error, air duel/heading and game interruptions / infractions. Furthermore, the lateral strips of the medium defensive sector are statistically associated with the firsts two types of recovery and the central ones of the same sector for the remainders. Despite teams recovering the ball in the backcourt of the field, sequential patterns (with and without contextual variables of momentum result, parts of the game, stage of competition and quality of the opponent) demonstrate that teams oscillate from method of low compaction and high-pressure style. And this last in the middle-offensive central sector for Germany national team and in the middle-offensive sector and left lateral strip for Argentina and Netherlands.Finally, Brazil's sequential patterns proved to be undefined and once this team had the highest number of goals conceded and the worst ranking than the others three, therefore it could be concluded that successful teams demonstrate consistency in their defensive processes.