Risk Assessment in Processing Polymer Nanocomposites

Abstract

Nanomaterials are here to stay, and polymer nanocomposites are those that are produced and applied in larger quantities. It is likely that the nanocomposite production processes using nano powder or suspension / solution, represent the greatest risk of NPs release. The maintenance of nanocomposites production systems is also likely to result in exposures to NPs. The present research project aims to study the safety assessment in processing polymer nanocomposites, focusing on control measures for nanoparticles exposure in work environments. It is discussed the particles standard assay and the "new" qualitative analyses. The methodology used in this study was based on qualitative and quantitative analyses. First, was developed a qualitative analysis based on methodologies ISPESL of NanoSafe Nanotool. Direct measurements have also been performed to allow the issue characterization under the current regulatory parameters. The equipment used for the measurements was the Dust-Trak monitor aerosol.It was observed that NPs pass through different "states" during the nanocomposites production. It was obtained a medium risk in all qualitative methods. The results obtained by direct measurement did not exceeded or even reached the statutory limit values of safety in Portugal. However, one point must be stressed: the used equipment is standardized and it is only prepared to detect microparticles and not NPs. Therefore, the quantitative results cannot be compared with qualitative results obtained with the different methods. More research work is needed to fill existing gaps. Until further information, nanomaterials should be considered hazardous materials. In the future many NPs types may well have limited toxicity, but caution measures should be used until there is more scientific information about this subject.