Estudo dos fundamentos táticos ofensivos no Basquetebol Feminino de formação assumidos pelos treinadores e observados no contexto de jogo

Abstract

The objective of this thesis is to understand and analyze the offensive tactical fundamentals in women's youth basketball as assumed by coaches and observed in the context of the game. The work is divided into four complementary studies: (1) theoretical reflection, (2) coaches' narratives, (3) social network analysis, and (4) space and time dynamics, with a focus on positional attack and the respective tactical formations. The theoretical study reflecting on the landscape of basketball for children and young athletes emphasizes the homeostasis of team play, combining individual tactics with group and collective tactics, promoting the development of autonomy and motor literacy, and combining athletic performance with citizenship. The qualitative study based on interviews with 13 coaches identifies critical issues such as environment management, transitions between levels, and relational practices in training. The results emphasize that training should be a continuous process of critical reflection, where uncertainty and complexity foster the development of new questions, to which methodology can contribute to a better understanding. The empirical component of the thesis focuses on the interaction and relationship between players in the team in collective cooperation in the under-14 and under-16 age groups, comparing the variation in team relationship and spatial interaction of players within the 1-2-2 and 2-2-1 offensive formations. Study 3 adopted Social Network Analysis (SNA) to compare the positional attack formations adopted by three district teams, analyzing the following metrics: degree of prestige (passes to teammates), degree of centralization (receiving the ball from teammates), reciprocity (passes between certain players), and density (inclusion of all players in the positional attack).The metrics were similar between tactical formations, with the exception of reciprocity, which revealed a greater number of passes between groups in the 2-2-1 structure. Study 4 used the local positioning system (LPS) to examine occupied space using the Convex Hull metric and to study dominated space using the Voronois metric. Technical-tactical actions such as dribbling, passing, and shooting were also studied. The data indicate that offensive formations did not significantly alter spatial dynamics; however, the 1-2-2 structure in the under-14 age group showed a greater tendency to use passing. The under-16 athletes demonstrated greater offensive dominance and more compact defensive organization. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that understanding youth basketball requires differentiated but collaborative approaches to improve the knowledge and training perspectives of coaches and players in order to solve game problems within tactical formations that favor both individual and collective homeostasis. KEYWORDS: BASKETBALL, SPORTS FORMATION, COACHES, TACTICAL FORMATIONS, SPACE OCCUPATION, TEAM DYNAMICS.