Food intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in adolescents

Abstract

Background and aims: Diet comprises factors with anti and pro-inflammatory potential that can contribute to modulate obesity-induced inflammation. We aimed to assess the association between food intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in adolescents. Methods and results: A cross-sectional analysis of 991 adolescents aged 13 years old was conducted as part of the EPITeen cohort, Porto, Portugal. Food intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and thirteen food groups were defined. Anthropometric assessment was performed and serum hsCRP was measured in a fasting blood sample. hsCRP concentrations above the 75th percentile were considered high. Logistic regression was fitted to estimate the association between the intake frequency of the food groups and hsCRP, stratified by BMI and adjusted for sex, parental education and total energy intake. Median (25-75th percentiles) hsCRP concentrations increased with increasing values of BMI [normal weight: 0.20 (0.10-0.50); overweight: 0.40 (0.20-0.80); obese: 1.10 (0.40-2.15) mg/l, p < 0.001]. After adjustment for sex, parental education and total energy intake, no statistically significant associations were found amongst normal weight and overweight participants. However, among obese individuals, having as reference the first frequency category (< 1 per day), a higher frequency of vegetables/legumes intake showed a decreased odds of high hsCRP levels (OR: 0.10, 95% CI 0.03-0.38, 1-3 per day; and OR: 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.52, > 3 per day). Conclusion: Among participants with obesity-induced higher hsCRP levels, a higher frequency of vegetable/legume intake was inversely related to hsCRP. (C) 2018 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.