Contributions of a 6-month Multicomponent Training Intervention on Individuals Diagnosed with Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Abstract

Background: Major neurocognitive disorder (NCD), also designated as dementia, is characterized by a significant cognitive decline that affects individuals' independence in activities of daily living (ADL). Evidence suggests that physical exercise might have a positive impact on NCD progression and symptoms management. But data is still scarce about the effects of specific types of physical exercise, particularly multicomponent training (MT). Aims: This thesis had as primary aim to investigate the contribution of a 6-month MT intervention on the physical and cognitive functions of individuals with major NCD. Secondarily, it aimed to examine its effects on functional and psychosocial outcomes and analyze the relation between physical indicators and quality of life. It also intended to explore the factors that influence adherence to physical exercise. Methods: This thesis is nested in a wider project, the "Body & Brain", which is a two-arm quasi-experimental controlled trial, conducted in multicentered settings. Experimental group received bi-weekly sessions (60 minutes) subdivided in warm-up, specific training (e.g., coordination/balance, strength, and aerobics) at light-to-moderate intensity and cool down. Control group received monthly social activity sessions. Results: MT benefits individuals' functional capacity; however, it remains unclear if MT can exert a significant effect on cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and ADL independence. Also, it was possible to identify a set of factors that influence the involvement in this type of intervention: the anticipated gains, the need for a stimulating activity, the healthcare professional's advice, and the engagement and compliance of informal caregivers. Conclusions: This thesis provides several insights on the benefits of MT and on factors that may increase the success rate of future interventions.