The influence of stunting on obesity in adulthood: results from the EPIPorto cohort

Abstract

Objective: To retrospectively investigate the association between short stature and increased sitting height ratio (SHR) – indicators of stunting – and obesity markers in adults. Design: Cross-sectional evaluation of the EPIPorto cohort. Weight, height, sitting height and waist circumference were measured. Obesity was assessed for men and women through BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Short stature (women, <152 cm; men, <164 cm) and high SHR (women, ≥54·05 %; men, ≥53·25 %) were taken as stunting measures. OR with 95 % CI were computed using logistic regression models. Setting: Representative sample of adults from EPIPorto, an adult cohort study from Porto, Portugal. Subjects: A sample of 1682 adults, aged 18–86 years, was analysed. Results: Higher obesity prevalence was found among women (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2: 25·5 v. 13·3 %, P<0·001) and a higher proportion of men presented abdominal obesity (WHtR≥0·5: 80·1 v. 71·1 %, P<0·001). A positive association was found between short stature and obesity measures for women (multivariate-adjusted OR; 95 % CI: 1·75; 1·17, 2·62 for BMI≥30·0 kg/m2; 1·89; 1·24, 2·87 for WHtR≥0·5). Increased SHR was associated with higher likelihood of having BMI≥30·0 kg/m2 in both sexes (multivariate-adjusted OR; 95 % CI: 2·10; 1·40, 3·16 for women; 1·92; 1·07, 3·43 for men) but not with WHtR≥0·5. Conclusions: Different growth markers are associated with obesity in adults. However, this association depends on the population and anthropometric measures used: short stature is associated with a higher risk of presenting excessive weight in women but not in men; SHR is more sensitive to detect this effect in both sexes.