1. Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto
2. FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia
3. FEUP - Dissertação

Author(s):	Nuno Gonçalo dos Santos Soares
Title:	Optimal Demand Response Program for Flexible Ramps Markets
Issue Date:	2018-01-29
Description:	The augmented renewable penetration due to the growth of environmental concerns increases the necessity of additional flexibility because of supply variability, and it reduces the existing flexibility level by displacing with conventional units due to the priority in dispatch for the renewable resources. Therefore, conventional units have to start-up, shut-down and ramp up/down more frequently to preserve the system balance in real-time which may result in common damage mechanisms such as thermal shock, metal fatigue, corrosion, erosion and heat decay [1]. To overcome this issue, it has been proposed to add the ramping costs into the generation scheduling procedure with the aim of compensating the economic and technical losses of generation units [2]-[4]. The inclusion of ramping costs in the day-ahead scheduling has been studied in [2]. The effects of the variable nature of renewable generations on ramping costs of thermal units have been evaluated in [3]. The ramping costs have been incorporated into the generation scheduling problem in the presence of uncertain renewable generations [4]. However, the mentioned works have not modeled the ramp market. Practically, in order to compensate a partial loss of conventional generators and incentivize them to provide both upward and downward flexible ramp, a well-functioning market has been developed so-called "flexiramp" in California ISO (CAISO) [5] and "ramp capability" in Midcontinent ISO (MISO) [6] along with energy and reserve markets in order to ensure the rampability of reserve capacity provided by its generation mixture to cope with sudden net load variations. The creation of flexible ramp products in real-time ISO markets has been investigated in [7] with a set of simplified assumptions such as ignoring the transmission constraints and supposing predefined day-ahead decisions. Formulations for the day-ahead energy and flexible ramp markets' clearing have been proposed in [8] and [9], respectively. The authors in [9] discussed the role of electric vehicles participation in the ramp market, whereas [9] dealt with the evaluation of the impacts of natural gas delivery system modeling and demand response on flexible ramp deployment. Despite the mentioned reports in the literature, finding the optimal demand response programs in the flexible ramp markets has not been addressed.
Subject:	Engenharia electrotécnica, electrónica e informática Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Information engineering
Scientific areas:	Ciências da engenharia e tecnologias::Engenharia electrotécnica, electrónica e informática Engineering and technology::Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Information engineering
TID identifier:	201905400
URI:	https://hdl.handle.net/10216/111122
Document Type:	Dissertação
Rights:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	FEUP - Dissertação

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